Warping-Inclusive Kinematic Coupling in Mixed-Dimension Macro Models for Steel Wide Flange Beam Columns

A warping-inclusive kinematic coupling method to be used in finite-element analysis of members featuring wide-flange cross sections is proposed this paper. This mixed-dimension macromodels that combine continuum and beam-column elements reduce the computational cost purely models. The method, utilizing either linear or nonlinear constraint equations, implemented validated a commercial software; source code made publicly available. Case studies indicate including warping formulation critical for components may experience coupled local lateral-torsional buckling. Also highlighted potential total degrees freedom by up-to about 60%, memory use up around 80%, while retaining solution fidelity beam, column, panel zone steel moment-resting frames. case show equation not suitable all problems; however, it still yield acceptable results as long level twisting insignificant buckling critical.